Stacey's All Inclusive Study Guide

Organisms on the Lab Test!

-slides

-media

-definitive/reservoir/intermediate hosts

-life cycle

-disease names

-treatments

1) Entamoeba histolytica - cyst 1-4 nuclei, chromatin dispersed, central and sharp karysome, chromatoidal bar rounded end

- troph: ingested RBC possible, tissue and feces/ cyst: feces

- human

- Eat cysts- invade colon- encyst in colon- cysts passed in feces

- Amebic dysentery, primary amebic meningoencephalitis, amebiasis

- metronidazole

2) Entamoeba coli - Nonpathogenic- cyst 1-8 nuclei, chromatin clumped, eccentric and coarse karysome, chromatoidal bar splintered end

-troph: won’t have ingested RBC or be in tissue- just feces, more centric karyosome/ cyst: feces, 1-8 nuclei

-same life cycle as histolytica but no extra-intestinal inf.

3) Chilomastix mesnili - nonpathogenic- troph: small, look for little tail/ cyst: lemon shaped, about half as big as a giardia cyst

-feces

4) Giardia lamblia -tear shaped (smily face), 8 flagella, two nuclei (eyes)/ cyst: oval with four nuclei

-feces, clear background, attached to intestine (cyst only in feces)

-beaver (resevoir)

-fecal/oral- cyst is infective stage

-diarhhea

-albendazole

5) Iodamoeba buetschlii-(nonpathogenic)-troph:large, centric karysome(possible early stages of vacuole)/ cyst: large glycogen vacuole

-troph:tissue or feces/ cyst: feces

6) Balantidium coli -40X!!!!- only pathogenic ciliate- troph has cilia

-guinea pig (resevoir)

-fecal/oral with trophs invading intestine

-diarhhea, dysentery

7) Trichomonas vaginalis-undulating membrane, axostyle, 4 flagella, no cyst

-clear slide, undefinitive background

-STD

-person to person

-metronidazole

8) Trichomonas hominis (pentatrichamonas)- some thing but in GI instead

-feces (only troph stage)

9) Trypanosoma cruzi -trypamastigotes=blood/ epimastigotes in vector/ amastigotes in heart

-amastigote in heart tissue, blood

-reduviid kissing bug= vector

-bug eats blood with trypomastigotes- epimastigotes in midgut- metacyclic trypamastigotes in hind gut- defecates- tryp get in blood again- tissue can turn into amastigotes - then to tryp to get sucked up from blood

-Chagas disease- romanas sign

-drugs are toxic- experimental bug from paper

10) Trypanosoma brucei gambiense -slow acting- no amastigote stage

-tse tse fly

-metacyclic trypamastigotes are in salivary glands instead of hindgut

-African Sleeping sickness-winterbottom’s sign

-1^st stage- pentamidine or suramin/ 2^nd stage- melarsoprol

11) Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense- fast acting- same as above

12) Leishmania (all species interchangeable)

-just promastigotes and amastigotes- dont’ confuse with trypanosoma epimastigotes

-promastigotes are outside in BLOOD/ amastigote is in macrophages or tissue- can be in non definitive background too

-dogs (reservoir)

-promastigote injected-eaten by macrophage and turn into amastigote-macrophage eaten by sand fly- break out and turn into promastigote

-vector: sand fly- new world: lutzomyia

Old world: phlebotomous

-L. Donovoni- visceral

L. tropic and major- old world cutaneous

L. Mexicana and braziliensis- new world cutaneous

L. braziliensis- mucocutaneous

-pentavalent antimonials like stibogluconate

13) Toxoplasma gondii -bradyzoites in large tissue cysts (slow merozoites)/ tachyzoites when burst out of cysts: quick replicating merozoites, motile, affect other cells, cleared by immune system

-definitive host= cats, humans = intermediate

-infective stage: oocysts (feces) or bradyzoites (meat)

-life cycle?

14) Eimeria species -huge schizonts in tissue (gut)

-sporulated oocysts (infectious)- oocyst (swallowed enters gut)- oocyst releases sporocysts (excystation)- sporocysts release sporozoites- sporozoites invade gut- trophozoite- schizont- schizont releases merozoites (reinfective stage goes back to trophozoite)- merozoites to male and female gametes- developing oocyst- oocyst shed in feces- unsporulated oocyst (not infectious)- *sporulation occurs outside of host, requires days and oxygen

-eimeria bovus- cattle coccidiosis

Eimeria tenella- chicken coccidiosis

15) Isospora belli -unsporulated oocysts in microscope and sporulated cysts on projector part

-infective stage: oocyst

-intestinal coccidiosis, fever, diarrhea

-trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (sulfa drugs)

16) Cryptosporidium parvum –tiny and circular/ intracellular but extracytoplasmic

-feces or intestine

-oocyst-sporozoite-trophozoite-meront-etc- thick walled oocyst exit host- thin walled enters host

17) Sarcocystis species -EASY- 10X or 40X- huge sacrocysts in tissue

18) Plasmodium falciparum- banana shaped gametocytes(P. Falciparum)

-humans (intermediate host)

-anopheles mosquito(vector)

-sporozoite injected- merozoite- RBC- male and female gametocyte- gametocytes get sucked up- unite in bug- zygote- sporozoite

-stages in mosquito: gamete-zygote- ookinete (invade midgut wall)- oocyst- sporozoite

-stages in human: exoerythrocytic- sporozoite- trophozoite-schizont- merozoite/ RBC- trophozoite- schizont- merozoite- gametocyte

19) Plasmodium ovale- ring stage

20) Plasmodium vivax

21) Plasmodium malariae

22) Babesia bigemina -paired merozoites or maltese crosses

-blood- no exoerythrocytic stage

-boophilus tick: vector- cattle parasite

-human (dead end host)- tick and mice are usual hosts

-massive disease destruction in cattle- anemia and hemoglobinuria

-similar life cycle to malaria but without exoerythrocytic stage

-Clindamycin