Maggot- Musca domestica.

Fly head- Musca domestica.

Argas.

Pulex (flea)

Dermacentor.

Cimex lectularius.

Xenopsylla cheopis.

Pediculus humanus humanus.

Pediculus humanus capitis.

Lice eggs.

Phthirus pubis.

Phthirus pubis eggs.

S. scabiei.

S. scabiei in tissue.

Microfilariae- nonspecific.

Onchocerca volvulus cross sections in tissue.

Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in tumor sample (not actual tissue cross section).

Strongyloides stercoralis larva in stool.

Trichinella spiralis nurse cell-larva complex.

Strongyloides stercoralis in tissue (adult)

Strongyloides stercoralis rhabitiform larva (don't have to distinguish between larval forms) probably in feces.

Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria in blood.

Strongyloides stercoralis free living. (10x)

Strongyloides stercoralis parasitic female.

Some big, big, BIG parasites....

T. trichiura egg.

T. trichiura male

Hookworm egg.

Necator americanus- no teeth, cutting plates.

Necator americanus male (copulatory bursa)

Ancylostoma caninum (6 teeth)

Ancylostoma duodenale (4 teeth)

Mamillated Ascaris egg.

Male Ascaris cross section.

Female Ascaris cross section.

Ascaris larval cross section in lung tissue.

E. vermicularis eggs.

E. vermicularis in tissue. Note "lateral alae"

E. vermicularis female tail with eggs inside.

Stacey's All Inclusive Study Guide

Organisms on the Lab Test!

-slides

-media

-definitive/reservoir/intermediate hosts

-life cycle

-disease names

-treatments

1) Entamoeba histolytica - cyst 1-4 nuclei, chromatin dispersed, central and sharp karysome, chromatoidal bar rounded end

- troph: ingested RBC possible, tissue and feces/ cyst: feces

- human

- Eat cysts- invade colon- encyst in colon- cysts passed in feces

- Amebic dysentery, primary amebic meningoencephalitis, amebiasis

- metronidazole

2) Entamoeba coli - Nonpathogenic- cyst 1-8 nuclei, chromatin clumped, eccentric and coarse karysome, chromatoidal bar splintered end

-troph: won’t have ingested RBC or be in tissue- just feces, more centric karyosome/ cyst: feces, 1-8 nuclei

-same life cycle as histolytica but no extra-intestinal inf.

3) Chilomastix mesnili - nonpathogenic- troph: small, look for little tail/ cyst: lemon shaped, about half as big as a giardia cyst

-feces

4) Giardia lamblia -tear shaped (smily face), 8 flagella, two nuclei (eyes)/ cyst: oval with four nuclei

-feces, clear background, attached to intestine (cyst only in feces)

-beaver (resevoir)

-fecal/oral- cyst is infective stage

-diarhhea

-albendazole

5) Iodamoeba buetschlii-(nonpathogenic)-troph:large, centric karysome(possible early stages of vacuole)/ cyst: large glycogen vacuole

-troph:tissue or feces/ cyst: feces

6) Balantidium coli -40X!!!!- only pathogenic ciliate- troph has cilia

-guinea pig (resevoir)

-fecal/oral with trophs invading intestine

-diarhhea, dysentery

7) Trichomonas vaginalis-undulating membrane, axostyle, 4 flagella, no cyst

-clear slide, undefinitive background

-STD

-person to person

-metronidazole

8) Trichomonas hominis (pentatrichamonas)- some thing but in GI instead

-feces (only troph stage)

9) Trypanosoma cruzi -trypamastigotes=blood/ epimastigotes in vector/ amastigotes in heart

-amastigote in heart tissue, blood

-reduviid kissing bug= vector

-bug eats blood with trypomastigotes- epimastigotes in midgut- metacyclic trypamastigotes in hind gut- defecates- tryp get in blood again- tissue can turn into amastigotes - then to tryp to get sucked up from blood

-Chagas disease- romanas sign

-drugs are toxic- experimental bug from paper

10) Trypanosoma brucei gambiense -slow acting- no amastigote stage

-tse tse fly

-metacyclic trypamastigotes are in salivary glands instead of hindgut

-African Sleeping sickness-winterbottom’s sign

-1^st stage- pentamidine or suramin/ 2^nd stage- melarsoprol

11) Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense- fast acting- same as above

12) Leishmania (all species interchangeable)

-just promastigotes and amastigotes- dont’ confuse with trypanosoma epimastigotes

-promastigotes are outside in BLOOD/ amastigote is in macrophages or tissue- can be in non definitive background too

-dogs (reservoir)

-promastigote injected-eaten by macrophage and turn into amastigote-macrophage eaten by sand fly- break out and turn into promastigote

-vector: sand fly- new world: lutzomyia

Old world: phlebotomous

-L. Donovoni- visceral

L. tropic and major- old world cutaneous

L. Mexicana and braziliensis- new world cutaneous

L. braziliensis- mucocutaneous

-pentavalent antimonials like stibogluconate

13) Toxoplasma gondii -bradyzoites in large tissue cysts (slow merozoites)/ tachyzoites when burst out of cysts: quick replicating merozoites, motile, affect other cells, cleared by immune system

-definitive host= cats, humans = intermediate

-infective stage: oocysts (feces) or bradyzoites (meat)

-life cycle?

14) Eimeria species -huge schizonts in tissue (gut)

-sporulated oocysts (infectious)- oocyst (swallowed enters gut)- oocyst releases sporocysts (excystation)- sporocysts release sporozoites- sporozoites invade gut- trophozoite- schizont- schizont releases merozoites (reinfective stage goes back to trophozoite)- merozoites to male and female gametes- developing oocyst- oocyst shed in feces- unsporulated oocyst (not infectious)- *sporulation occurs outside of host, requires days and oxygen

-eimeria bovus- cattle coccidiosis

Eimeria tenella- chicken coccidiosis

15) Isospora belli -unsporulated oocysts in microscope and sporulated cysts on projector part

-infective stage: oocyst

-intestinal coccidiosis, fever, diarrhea

-trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (sulfa drugs)

16) Cryptosporidium parvum –tiny and circular/ intracellular but extracytoplasmic

-feces or intestine

-oocyst-sporozoite-trophozoite-meront-etc- thick walled oocyst exit host- thin walled enters host

17) Sarcocystis species -EASY- 10X or 40X- huge sacrocysts in tissue

18) Plasmodium falciparum- banana shaped gametocytes(P. Falciparum)

-humans (intermediate host)

-anopheles mosquito(vector)

-sporozoite injected- merozoite- RBC- male and female gametocyte- gametocytes get sucked up- unite in bug- zygote- sporozoite

-stages in mosquito: gamete-zygote- ookinete (invade midgut wall)- oocyst- sporozoite

-stages in human: exoerythrocytic- sporozoite- trophozoite-schizont- merozoite/ RBC- trophozoite- schizont- merozoite- gametocyte

19) Plasmodium ovale- ring stage

20) Plasmodium vivax

21) Plasmodium malariae

22) Babesia bigemina -paired merozoites or maltese crosses

-blood- no exoerythrocytic stage

-boophilus tick: vector- cattle parasite

-human (dead end host)- tick and mice are usual hosts

-massive disease destruction in cattle- anemia and hemoglobinuria

-similar life cycle to malaria but without exoerythrocytic stage

-Clindamycin

Notes!

Blood

T. cruzi trypomastigote, epimastigote (is actually seen on a clear saline slide)

T. b. gambiense & rhodesiense- trypomastigote in blood epimastigote (saline slide because found in BUG)

Plasmodium falciparum- ring stage, troph, schizont, merozoate, gametocyte. Picture was of vessel near brain.

Babesia microti- merizoites in RBCs. Vector is tick.

Misc. Media (usually saline)

Leishmania- promastigote is in the vector

Trichomonas vaginalis (just a saline slide)- only has troph form.

Tissue

E. histolytica troph ( in any tissue)

Balantidium coli- trophozoite seen at 40x

T. cruzi- amastigote in heart tissue

Leishmania- amastigote in tissue (not in blood) in macrophages, in any visceral tissue but not in heart.

Toxoplasma gondii- tachyzoites (not in tissue cyst), merizoite?, Bradyzoites are seen inside the tissue cysts (i.e. schizonts) remember they look like the palmagranite!

Eimeria spp.- marizoites in Large intestine, megaschizont big guy

Cryptosporidium- paracytiferous vacuole in lining of intestines

Sarcocystis- muscle tissue seen at 10x

T. gondii- looks like guts with villi, oocytes, gametes seen in cat intestines.

Feces

Entamoeba coli cyst (4+ nuclei)

Trypanosoma cruzi- metacyclic trypomastigote (don’t need to identify as metacyclic just as a trypomastigote)

Entamoeba histolytica- troph and cyst seen

Chilomastix mesnili- cyst and troph seen

Trichomonas hominis- troph seen. Only a troph stage

Giardia lamblia- better seen on clear slides tho.

Iodamoeba- troph and cyst stages seen

Balantidum coli- cyst (only in feces), troph (seen in feces and tissue)

Isospera- sporulated/ unsporulated oocysts seen

Cryptosporidium parvum- little pink dots- are the oocysts in feces.

P. ovale ring stage.

Plasmodium sporozoites.

P. falciparum schizont.

P. vivax trophozoite.

P. falciparum ring stage.

P. falciparum in brain, obscuring blood vessel.

P. falciparum gametocytes.

Plasmodium oocyst attached to vector midgut.

The first picture is of Babesia microti, but apparently we don't have to learn how to ID it in lab. The next three pictures are of the Babesia bigemino paired merozoites "alien eyes."